The galls appeared to be similar to those described on the plant by brown 1934. Erwinia herbicola 112y, a common leaf saprophyte, has been reported to inhibit apple blossom infection by erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight of rosaceous plants. Dextrinfuchsinesulfite medium dfs, rimlershotts agar rs, and a new lysineornithinemannitol agar lom were tested for detection of enterobacter agglomerans. On an industrial scale, erwinia herbicola cells with extremely high tpl activity are prepared by cultivation in a medium containing ltyrosine as an inducer of tpl. To better understand the saprophytes role in preventing blossom blight infection, the. A yellow pigmented, rodshaped, gram negative, peritrichously flagellated, fermentative bacterium was isolated from galls on the stems of the ornamental plant,gypsophila paniculata. The enzyme which enables these bacteria to do that is tyrosine phenollyase tpl.
Isolation and characterization of erwinia herbicola associated with internal discoloration of tomato fruits lycopersicon esculentum mill in saudi arabia y. Pdf herbicolins new peptide antibiotics from erwinia. Cloning of an erwinia herbicola gene necessary for gluconic. Hplc separation, spectra and in some cases mass spectroscopy demonstrated the presence of phytoene 15cis isomer. The yellow pigments of erwinia herbicola eho 10 and of a transformed escherichia coli le392 ppl376 have been identified as carotenoids. Ice nucleating activity of pseudomonas syringae and erwinia. Cloning and random mutagenesis of the erwinia herbicola. Evaluation of two surface sampling methods for detection. Previous studies demonstrated that the tpl promoter of erwinia herbicola is activated by the tyrr protein of escherichia coli. Pdf release of cellfree ice nuclei by erwinia herbicola. This gene ipdc conferred the synthesis of indole3acetaldehyde and tryptophol upon escherichia coli dh5 alpha in cultures supplemented with ltryptophan. Evidence for growth of strains of the plant epiphytic. Plasmids in 39 strains of erwinia stewartii were examined by agarose gel electrophoresis.
Evaluation of two surface sampling methods for detection of erwinia herbicola on a variety of materials by culture and quantitative pcr. The type strain enterobacter agglomerans atcc 27155 was examined for deoxyribonucleic acid dna relatedness to 54 strains of the erwinia herbicolaenterobacter agglomerans complex, to 23 strains of other erwinia and enterobacter species, and to 50 reference strains of 49 different species in other genera of the family enterobacteriaceae. Characterization of free and alginatepolylysinealginate microencapsulated erwinia herbicola for the conversion of ammonia, pyruvate, and phenol into ltyrosine. Erwinia is a genus of enterobacterales bacteria containing mostly plant pathogenic species which was named for the famous plant pathologist, erwin frink smith. Six genes have been mapped and identified by hybridization or by carotenoid analysis of deletion mutants on a 9 kb chromosomal fragment originating from erwinia herbicola eho 10. Title studies on expression of tyrosine phenollyase gene. Tryptophan acted as a competitive inhibitor of tyrosine transport. In an attempt to create a hightplexpressing strain, we cloned the tyrr gene of e. Some enteric bacteria, such as erwinia herbicola, citrobacter freundii, and escherichia intermedia, can utilize ltyrosine as a carbon source and a nitrogen source by degrading ltyrosine to pyruvate, ammonia, and phenol. Acetobacter aceti, and erwinia herbicola were the prominent suspected species. Agrobacterium, corynebacterium, erwinia, pseudomonas, and xanthomonas.
The bacterium is soilborne and infects plants if infested soil gets into the beet crown from dirty farm machinery, splashing water, insects, or other means. Reclassification of nonpigmented erwinia herbicola strains from trees as erwinia billingiae sp. Stetzenbach,2 and tracy cronin3 harry reid center for environmental studies, university of nevada, las vegas, 4505 s. Pdf cloning of an erwinia herbicola gene necessary for. Al saleh plant protection department, college of food and agricultural sciences, king saud university, p. Erwinia herbicola as a cause of bacterial endocarditis.
The identification, occurence and significance of a pigmented strain of erwinia herbicola enterobacter agglomerans biogroup i, isolated by blood cultures from. Erwinia herbicola eh1087, a naturally occurring nonpathogenic epiphyte isolated from apple blossoms in a new zealand orchard, is inhibitory to erwinia amylovora, the organism that causes fire blight. Antibiotic resistance carried on r factors was transferred by conjugation from escherichia coli br and shigella flexneri 1a to erwinia spp. Tetracycline resistance tetr carried on r factor r100 drd56 was transferred from e. They are usually caused by aerobic grampositive bacteria, such as staphylococcus aureus and group a. This vascular wilt disease caused by the bacterium erwinia tracheiphilaaffects only certain members of the cucumberfamily including cucumber, squash, muskmelon, pumpkin, and gourd.
Plant disease diagnostic clinic cornell university college. These genes include crtb, e and i which have been formerly described for rhodobacter, and three new ones. Motility and chemotaxis of erwinia herbicola and its. Proferrioxamine profiles of erwinia herbicola and related bacteria. The pest erwinia pyrifoliae has been included in eppo alert list for more than 3 years and during this period no particular international action was requested by the eppo member countries. Several icenucleating bacterial strains, including erwinia herbicola, pseudomonas fluorescens, and pseudomonas syringae isolates, were examined for their ability to shed ice nuclei into the growth medium. Cloning and random mutagenesis of the erwinia herbicola tyrr. This research was designed to evaluate surface sampling protocols for use with culture and quantitative pcr qpcr amplification assay for detection of the gramnegative bacterial biothreat simulant erwinia herbicola on a variety of surface materials.
Erwinia isolates alfalfa plants may play role nodulation. Cloning and characterization of a locus encoding an. Pdf multiple antibiotic production by erwinia herbicola. Heterogeneous transcription of an indoleacetic acid. Twentytwo erwinia like strains, isolated from trees since the late fifties and belonging to a distinct phenotypic group with resemblance to pantoea agglomerans, were further characterized by conventional biochemical tests, the biolog metabolic fingerprinting system and fatty acid analysis. The isolate proved pathogenic when inoculated into healthy stems. Functional analysis of the erwinia herbicola tutb gene and.
The ice nucleating activity ina for both bacteria was unchanged in buffers ranging from ph 5. Four from 18 strains of erwinia herbicola tested had nitrogenase activity and grew with n2 as sole source of nitrogen under strict anaerobic conditions with a doubling time of 2024 h. Influence of stigmatic morphology on flower colonization by erwinia. Release of cellfree ice nuclei by erwinia herbicola. Purification, crystallization and properties of tyrosine. Disease potential is greatest when temperatures are in the range of 77 to 86f 25 to 30c. The deduced amino acid sequence of the gene product has. Eho10 has inhibitory activity against erwinia amylovora, a bacteria pathogen causing fire blight. It is a member of the enterobacteriaceae and since the late r96os has been identified in specimens from throat, wounds, skin, vagina, stools and urine1 but has rarely been regarded as. To develop an effective biocontrol method against the pathogen, a total of 22 bacteria were isolated from above parts of pear trees and screened for in vitro antagonistic activity. The gene tuta encoding tyrosine phenollyase from erwinia herbicola was cloned into escherichia coli, and fusions to the lac and tac promoters were constructed. Watermelon is immune and certain varieties of cucumber and squash show varying degrees of resistance to this disease. Erwinia herbicola 299r synthesizes indole3acetic acid iaa primarily by the indole3pyruvic acid pathway. Pantoea agglomerans is a gramnegative bacterium that belongs to the family erwiniaceae it was formerly called enterobacter agglomerans, or erwinia herbicola and is an ubiquitous bacterium commonly isolated from plant surfaces, seeds, fruit, and animal or human feces and can be found throughout a honeybees environment.
Functional assignment of erwinia herbicola expressed in e. Erwinia herbicola now pantoea agglomerans erwinia mallotivora erwinia nigrifluens erwinia persicinus erwinia psidii. This chapter describes the biochemical and serological characterization of erwinia. Pdf expression of a mineral phosphate solubilizing gene. Ice nucleating activity of pseudomonas syringae and. The intact cells are then harvested by centrifugation and transferred to the reactor, as the catalyst, together with the substrate. Ishimaru and others published multiple antibiotic production by erwinia herbicola find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Introduction erwinia herbicola enterobacter agglomerans was originally described as a plant pathogen first isolated from soft rot in plants by duggeli in i9o4. Erwinia uredovora is a parasite of rust fungi and multiples in the plant tissue infected by the rust organism. Isolation and characterization of erwinia herbicola. Ldihydroxyphenylalanine was synthesized in high yield from catechol, pyruvate, and ammonia by. Pdf erwinia herbicols strain a 111 produces two acylated peptide antibiotics herbicolins a and b.
Chemical and biological properties of the ice nucleating sites of pseudomonas syringae, strain c9, and erwinia herbicola have been characterized. Cell suspensions of an isolate of erwinia herbicola from a herbicola, frost damage was not significantly different from. Evaluation of three differential media for detection of. Pdf evaluation of two surface sampling methods for. In human stools, lom and dfs were most sensitive at coliformtoe. Optimum conditions required for motility and chemotaxis in e. Added in 1998 deleted in 2003 reasons for deletion. Pdf characterization of free and alginatepolylysine. These organisms have been characterized with regard to their nutritional requirements and. Pdf erwinia pyrifoliae, a new pathogen on strawberry in the.
The type strain enterobacter agglomerans atcc 27155 was examined for deoxyribonucleic acid dna relatedness to 54 strains of the erwinia herbicola enterobacter agglomerans complex, to 23 strains of other erwinia and enterobacter species, and to 50 reference strains of 49 different species in other genera of the family enterobacteriaceae. Evaluation of two surface sampling methods for detection of. The type strains of erwinia herbicola, enterobacter agglomerans, and erwinia milletiae fall into one. Phenotypic differentiation of these strains from erwinia herbicola, which was also detected from aphid gut, was based on negative reactions in tests of yellow pigment production, gelatin liquefaction, acid production from inulin, starch and dulcitol, and positive acid production from melibiose, inositol, cellobiose and glycerol. Pathogenic bacteria inhibited by eho10 includes those from the following genera. Brillt departmentofbacteriology andcenterforstudies ofnitrogen fixation, university ofwisconsin, madison, wisconsin 53706.
A selective, differential agar medium pt was used to devoid of vegetation or recognizable plant residues. Transfer of erwinia ananas synonym, erwinia uredovora and. A strain of erwinia herbicola identified as eho10 has been found to have a broad spectrum of inhibitory activity against pathogenic bacteria. Several icenucleating bacterial strains, including erwinia herbicola, pseudomonasfluorescens, andpseudomonassyringae isolates, wereexaminedfor their ability to shedice nuclei into the growthmedium. Fire blight is a necrotic disease of rosaceous plants which is particularly damaging to apple and pear trees and is a major problem in pip fruit production worldwide. Some of the plant pathogens are of considerable economic importance, while many of the epiphytic bacteria are opportunistic pathogens for man and animals.
Production of ldihydroxyphenylalanine in escherichia coli. Dyes classification system divided the genus erwinia into four groups. Subjective synonymy of erwinia herbicola, erwinia milletiae. A ten fold increase in protein per culture found after the maximum nitrogenase activity of. Motility and chemotaxis of erwinia herbicola and its effect on erwinia amylovora m. The esr study the occurrence of the softrot bacteria, erwinia bacteria were not considered true soil inhabitants although. Unlike the tryptophanase operon, the tpl and tutb genes do not constitute an operon. Evaluation of biological control of erwinia amylovora. Growth of plant epiphytic bacteriaerwinia herbicolaandpseudomonas syringaein guts of the silkworm,bombyx mori,was studied.
Both lom and dfs detected one strain in 254 stools. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 432k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Erwinia herbicola isolates fromalfalfa plants mayplay arolein nodulationofalfalfa byrhizobium meliloti johandelsmantandwinstonj. A gene involved in the biosynthesis of iaa was cloned from strain 299r. Cloning of an erwinia herbicola gene necessary for gluconic acid production and enhanced mineral phosphate solubilization in escherichia coli hb101. A strain of erwinia herbicola pathogenic on gypsophila paniculata. Pdf several icenucleating bacterial strains, including erwinia herbicola, pseudomonas fluorescens, and pseudomonas syringae isolates, were examined. Escherichia coli is capable of synthesizing the apoglucose dehydrogenase enzyme gdh but not the cofactor pyrroloquinoline quinone pqq, which is essential for formation of the holoenzyme.
Purification, crystallization and properties of tyrosine phenol lyase from erwinia herbicola. Cutaneous infection and bactaeremia caused by erwinia. Erwinia aphidicola, a new species isolated from pea aphid. Ciri umum bakteri erwinia carotovora memproduksi banyak enzim ekstra selluler seperti pectik yang mendegradasi pectin, cellulose yang mendegradasi cellulase, hemicellulases, arabanases, cyanoses dan protease. Surfaces selected for evaluation were wood laminate, glass and computer monitor screens, metal file cabinets, plastic arena seats, nylon seat. The effectiveness of map to maintain safety of fresh. Acute bacterial skin infections like cellulitis and erysipelas are common skin infections, with an incidence rate of 1 per year.
Eight erwinia stewartii strains, 11 erwinia ananas strains, and 7 erwinia uredovora strains, as well as 9 phenotypically similar erwinia herbicola strains and enterobacter agglomerans lmg 5342, were compared by examining electropherograms prepared from their soluble proteins and were grouped into nine protein electrophoretic groups. Mapping of a carotenogenic gene cluster from erwinia. Evidence is presented to show that the expression of an erwinia herbicola gene in e. Plant disease diagnostic clinic cornell university college of. Erwinia pyrifoliae, a new pathogen on strawberry in the netherlands. The tutb gene, which lies just downstream of tpl, has been cloned from erwinia herbicola, and its product was analyzed. Key words carotenoid genes erwinia herbicola fumarate binding domain melibiose carrier protein cystathione 7synthase introduction erwinia herbicola is a nonphotosynthetic, gramnega tive bacterium which is yellow in color due to the pres ence of carotenoids. Ten isolates inhibited the growth of the pathogen were identified by biochemical. Mar, 2001 we investigated the spatial pattern of expression of ipdc, a plant inducible gene involved in indoleacetic acid biosynthesis in erwinia herbicola, among individual cells on plants to gain a better understanding of the role of this phenotype in the epiphytic ecology of bacteria and the factors involved in the regulation of ipdc. Despite its high sequence similarity to tryptophan transporters, tutb was found to be a tyrosinespecific transporter. Swingsreclassification of nonpigmented erwinia herbicola strains from trees as erwinia billingiae sp. The genus erwinia contains a heterogeneous group of bacteria, including plant pathogens and epiphytic bacteria, occurring in a wide range of habitats.
Erwinia herbicola, flavobacterium, xanthomonas, enterobacter agglomerans, lactobacillus spp. Pdf isolation and characterization of erwinia herbicola associated. Nitrogenase activity started only 96120 h after transfer to a special medium maintained under anaerobic conditions. Fifth instar silkworm larvae were fed artificial diets supplemented with these bacteria for 6 to 12 h followed by uncontaminated diets. Download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf. Tyrosine phenollyase tpl, which can synthesize 3,4dihydroxyphenylalanine from pyruvate, ammonia, and catechol, is a tyrosineinducible enzyme. It contains gramnegative bacteria related to escherichia coli, shigella, salmonella, and yersinia. We report here a case of dermohypodermitis and bactaeremia caused by erwinia billingiae, a gramnegative bacteria usually pathogenic. Erwinia carotovora is the main bacterial disease of cyclamen. These cellfree nuclei exhibited a freezing spectrum similar to that of ice nuclei found on whole cells. Fire blight caused by erwinia amylovora is one of the most important diseases of pear and apple trees in kurdistan province, iran. Some of the plant pathogens are of considerable economic importance, while many of the epiphytic bacteria are. The deduced amino acid sequence of the gene product. The symptoms of its onset are a sudden rotting of the tuber, which gives off a fetidsmell, and a drooping of the leaves.
Expression of a mineral phosphate solubilizing gene from erwinia herbicola in two rhizobacterial strains. The bacterium is present in most soils, but it is fostered by too much warmth, too much fertiliser, and the use of too heavy a growing medium which makes for too. Erwinia herbicola on a variety of materials by culture and quantitative pcr mark p. Ries former graduate research assistant and associate professor, respectively, department of plant pathology, university of illinois at urbanachampaign 61801. We studied the use of this for the conversion of ammonia and pyruvate along with phenol or catechol, respectively, into. Identification of carotenoids in erwinia herbicola and in a.
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